姆贝亚地区转诊医院重症监护室入院患者细菌谱与抗生素敏感性模式：一项横断面研究

Abstract

Sepsis is a global health problem. Patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are at risk of having sepsis because of their vulnerability and use of invasive medical devices. Emerging antimicrobial-resistance complicates treatment. Understanding bacterial profiles and antibiotic sensitivity patterns in the ICU plays an important role in managing sepsis, optimizing antimicrobial use, and improving patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to show bacterial profiles and antibiotic sensitivity patterns among patients who were admitted to the ICU at Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital for 12 months. This was a prospective cross-sectional study among 187 sepsis-suspected patients. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Version 27. Categorical data were summarized by frequency and percentage. Fisher’s exact test, chi-square test, and modified Poisson regression were used to show the association between patients’ clinical variables and culture positivity at a 95% CI. Statistical significance was set at a p-value < 0.05. Out of 187 samples, 41.7% were culture positive. Gram-negative bacteria were commonly isolated (65.4%, with Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli being commonly isolated. Commonly isolated Gram-positive bacteria were Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (19%). 100% of gram-positive bacteria and 96% of gram-negative bacteria were Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR), respectively. In multivariable analysis, patients who were intubated and mechanically ventilated (aPR = 2.208, 95% CI: 1.133-4.305, p = 0.020) and post-laparotomy patients (aPR = 3.241,95% CI: 1.320–7.958, p = 0.010) independently had a higher proportion of Gram-negative bacteria. The study reveals a high level of resistance to commonly used antimicrobials in our setting, necessitating strengthening of the antimicrobial stewardship program and routine surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Author Declarations

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Muhimbili University of Health and Applied Sciences IRB

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Data Availability

The data underlying this study's findings come from laboratory results of samples collected from ICU patients who were suspected to have sepsis, who were not on antibiotics for more than 24 hours before sample collection, as part of routine care. Public deposition of the complete participant-level dataset is therefore restricted by the ethical approval and institutional data-governance requirements governing this study. The study was approved by the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Research Ethics Committee (MUHAS-REC-03-2025-2736). De-identified data sufficient to reproduce the analyses reported in this article may be made available to qualified researchers following review and approval by the relevant institutional authorities and ethics committee, and subject to applicable data-sharing and data-transfer requirements. Access requests should be directed to the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Research Ethics Committee or the appropriate institutional data-access authority at MUHAS. Data access is not controlled solely by the study authors.